What is the primary goal of scientific research conducted during Apollo missions?

The primary goal of scientific research conducted during the Apollo missions was to understand lunar geology and gather data. The Apollo program, which took place between 1961 and 1972, was pivotal in exploring the Moon's surface, its composition, and its geological history.

By landing humans on the Moon, the missions aimed to collect rock and soil samples, conduct experiments on the lunar surface, and deploy scientific instruments that measured various properties of the Moon. The samples brought back to Earth provided invaluable insights into the Moon’s formation, structure, and evolution, greatly enhancing our understanding of not only the Moon but also the early history of the Earth and the solar system as a whole.

In contrast, while the search for new planets and studying cosmic radiation are important aspects of planetary science and astrophysics, they were not the primary focus of the Apollo missions. Additionally, launching space telescopes is not related to the goals of the Apollo missions, which were centered around crewed lunar exploration rather than furthering space-based observational capabilities.